Appropriateness of colonoscopy at a tertiary care centre - are we overdoing gastrointestinal endoscopy?

Aim To evaluate the pattern of indications and a spectrum of colonic pathology, and to determine appropriateness of indications for colonoscopy in order to improve patient selection for colonoscopy. Methods This retrospective study includes 294 patients who were referred to the Gastroenterology Department from a primary care physician in order to approach endoscopic examination. Study data included patients' anamnestic data (comorbidities, positive family history, performed radiological examinations) an indication for the procedure, and colonoscopy findings.

Refractive errors in children: analysis among preschool and school children in Tuzla city, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Aim To establish the prevalence of refractive errors in preschool and school children between 4 and 15 years of age, living in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods Children from all elementary schools in the city of Tuzla and as well from eight day-care centres were screened for refractive errors in the period 2015-2019. Any child, who failed to pass the screening examination, was referred to an ophthalmologist for complete ophthalmological evaluation.

Amblyopia in Children: Analysis Among Preschool and School Children in the City of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Aim: This study measured the prevalence of amblyopia in preschool and school children between 4 and 15 years of age in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina and as well and to examine its relations with anisometropia and strabismus.

Methods: Children from eight daycare centers and twenty four elementary schools were screened for amblyopia by volunteer personnel (medical students), any child who failed to pass the screening examination, was referred to the ophthalmologist for complete examination at University Clinic Center Tuzla. The examination included VA, stereopsis, cover testing, refractive retinoscopy, and examination of the red reflex and posterior pole.

Medical physics in Europe following recommendations of the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Background: Medical physics is a health profession where principles of applied physics are mostly directed towards the application of ionizing radiation in medicine. The key role of the medical physics expert in safe and effective use of ionizing radiation in medicine was widely recognized in recent European reference documents like the European Union Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM (2014), and European Commission Radiation Protection No. 174, European Guidelines on Medical Physics Expert (2014).