Organoids, organs-on-chips, complex in vitro model: Definitions, applications, validation, ethics.

Over the past decade, new in vitro biological models have emerged which can reproduce certain characteristics of human physiology and pathologies. From organoids to organs-on-chips, these new technologies are currently revolutionizing the entire chain of research and development in pharmacology. All stakeholders are thus involved, from academic laboratories to pharmaceutical companies, start-ups, and assessment agencies.

Forecasting the Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease at Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia Stages in France in 2022.

Background: Given the evolution of early diagnosis guidelines and future disease-modifying therapies, estimating the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at early stages is key.

Objective: To estimate the number of people living with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD and mild AD dementia in France in 2022 that could be eligible to future AD therapies.

Methods: A step-by-step approach was defined based on disease stages definition and clinical practice.

[Comparison of medical and economic benefits of antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia in France].

Introduction: The course of schizophrenia can vary widely, and patients experience remission phases alternating with relapse episodes, which generally lead to hospitalisation and have a significant impact on the burden of disease. The prevalence of schizophrenia in France is estimated to be approximately 600,000 people, with an incidence of 10,000 new patients per year. Patients with schizophrenia represent the largest group of hospitalised patients in French public institutions and specialised centres, and the French authorities recognise that the management of schizophrenia is a major public health concern.

Cost Effectiveness of Paliperidone Long-Acting Injectable Versus Other Antipsychotics for the Maintenance Treatment of Schizophrenia in France.

Background: French clinical recommendations suggest prescribing long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics to patients with a maintenance treatment indication in schizophrenia. Despite this, and due to their relatively high acquisition and administration costs, LAIs are still underused in clinical practice in France, thus highlighting the need for pharmacoeconomic evaluations.

Objective: Our objective was to estimate the cost effectiveness of paliperidone LAI (or paliperidone palmitate), a once-monthly second-generation LAI antipsychotic, compared with the most common antipsychotic medications for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia in France.