Diagnosis of a Stress Fracture Of a Metatarsal Bone with Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS).

The early diagnosis of stress fractures is a challenge in daily primary care practice. Point of care ultrasound (POCUS) can be helpful in the diagnosis of early signs of an incipient stress fracture. A 52-year-old woman presented with a history of chronic overuse in the left forefoot.

Secretoneurin in the peripheral ocular innervation.

Purpose: To evaluate whether secretoneurin represents a sensory neuropeptide innervating the anterior segment of the eye.

Methods: The presence and distribution of secretoneurin was investigated in human eyes by radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescence and compared with that of the rat eye. The source of secretoneurin-positive nerves in the eye was established by measuring the concentration in eye tissues, the trigeminal and superior cervical ganglia both in control rats and in rats treated with capsaicin, and by performing immunofluorescence in one rat subjected to sympathectomy.

Neurokinin a is a main constituent of sensory neurons innervating the anterior segment of the eye.

Purpose: To study the innervation pattern of the anterior segment of the eye by neurokinin (NK)-A-immunoreactive nerves and to determine their sensory origin.

Methods: The presence and distribution of NKA was examined in human eyes by radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescence. The source of nerves was determined by measuring the concentration of NKA in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) in comparison with that of the classic sensory peptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and in eye tissues in capsaicin-pretreated rats versus control subjects.

Secretoneurin in the human aqueous humor and the absence of an effect of frequently used eye drops on the levels.

Secretoneurin (SN) was detected in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients treated topically with tobramycine eye drops alone or tobramycine and cyclosporine A, tobramycine and diclofenac or tobramycine and rimexolone. The levels of the peptide were found to be higher in the uninflamed human than in the rabbit aqueous humor which may be the result of species differences and/or age-related circumstances. Furthermore, they are approximately one hundred times higher than those of classical neuropeptides indicating release from nerve fibers and/or secretion from non-pigmented ciliary epithelium cells.

Proteolytic processing of chromogranin A by the prohormone convertase PC2.

The neuroendocrine secretory protein chromogranin A (CgA) is a precursor for various biologically active peptides. Several single and paired basic residues are present within its primary amino acid sequence comprising cleavage sites for prohormone convertases. In this study, SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were stably transfected with the prohormone convertase PC2 to analyse the proteolytic processing of endogenous chromogranin A and, in particular, the formation of the chromogranin-A-derived peptide GE-25.