Light-Induced Difunctionalization of Alkenes with Polyhaloalkanes and Quinoxalin-2(1)-ones.

Herein, we report a metal-free light-induced three-component reaction for the synthesis of polychloroalkyl-substituted quinoxalin-2(1)-ones using commercially available alkenes, polyhalo alkanes, and quinoxalin-2(1)-ones. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggested the generation of radical intermediates via an EDA-complex, single electron transfer, or halogen atom transfer pathway. Under mild reaction conditions, various alkenes and quinoxalin-2(1)-ones containing different functional groups are compatible, providing the corresponding polychloroalkyl-substituted quinoxalin-2(1)-ones in moderate to good yields.

Effect of a behavior change and hardware intervention on safe child feces management practices in rural Odisha, India: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: Poor child feces management contributes to enteropathogen exposure and, consequently, is associated with diarrheal disease and negative impacts on child growth. Despite high latrine coverage, only 37% of Indian households safely dispose of their child's feces into a latrine or have the child use the latrine, with the lowest rate in the state of Odisha at 12%. We evaluated a behavior change and hardware intervention designed to improve caregiver safe disposal of child feces and child latrine use.

α-C(sp)-H (Hetero)Arylation of Thioethers Enabled by Photoexcited Triplet Ketone Catalysis.

We report herein α-C(sp)-H (hetero)arylation of thioethers enabled by dual nickel and photoexcited triplet ketone catalysis. The mild reaction conditions of this protocol tolerate a variety of functional groups and further facilitate the late-stage functionalization of biologically relevant molecules to afford corresponding products in moderate to good yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the generation of the α-thioalkyl radical takes place through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) event, which is involved in the rate-limiting step and in the nickel cycle, the reaction of the α-thioalkyl radical with Ni(0)L catalyst followed by oxidative addition of aryl bromide is the dominating pathway.