[Multimodal pain therapy for treatment of chronic pain syndrome. Consensus paper of the ad hoc commission on multimodal interdisciplinary pain management of the German Pain Society on treatment contents].

Multimodal pain management is a comprehensive treatment of complex chronic pain syndromes. In addition to medical therapy various other specialized therapeutic interventions based on the biopsychosocial model of pain origin and chronic pain development, are added. During the last few years treatment centers for chronic pain have been established throughout Germany.

[Relaxation techniques for chronic pain].

Relaxation techniques are an integral part of the psychological therapy of chronic pain and follow very different objectives. These techniques lead to muscular and vegetative stabilization, serve as distraction from pain, to build up the internal focus of control and thus to improve self-efficacy. Additional targets are improvement of body awareness and stress management, shielding from sensory stimuli and recurrence prevention of migraine as well a sleeping aid.

Functional characterization of the Frt1 sugar transporter and of fructose uptake in Kluyveromyces lactis.

Most yeast hexose transporters studied so far at the molecular level mediate facilitated diffusion of glucose and fructose. Here, we report that a novel Kluyveromyces lactis gene, FRT1, encodes a proton-coupled fructose-uptake transporter. Frt1, when expressed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae hxt null mutant strain that is unable to take up monosaccharides, restored growth on fructose.