Enhancing Interferometry Using Weak Value Amplification with Real Weak Values.

We introduce an ultrasensitive interferometric protocol that combines weak value amplification (WVA) with traditional interferometry. This protocol WVA+interferometry uses weak value amplification of the relative delay between two paths to enhance interferometric sensitivity. As an example, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle experiment that achieves few-attosecond timing resolution (few nanometer path length resolution) with a double-slit interferometer using only common optical components.

Fabrication of Polypyrrole-Polystyrene Sulfonate by Amperometric Biosensor-Based Electropolymerization for Cholesterol Determination in Serum.

Since cholesterol triggers many diseases, many methods have been developed for its determination. In this study, an alternative system for cholesterol determination was developed by preparing amperometric biosensors. In the development of the biosensor, Pt/polypyrrole-polystyrene sulfonate film was prepared by electropolymerization of polypyrrole in polystyrene sulfonate medium using platinum surfaces.

Longitudinal profiling of IDH-mutant astrocytomas reveals acquired RAS-MAPK pathway mutations associated with inferior survival.

Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant astrocytomas represent the most frequent primary intraparenchymal brain tumor in young adults, which typically arise as low-grade neoplasms that often progress and transform to higher grade despite current therapeutic approaches. However, the genetic alterations underlying high-grade transformation and disease progression of IDH-mutant astrocytomas remain inadequately defined.

Methods: Genomic profiling was performed on 205 IDH-mutant astrocytomas from 172 patients from both initial treatment-naive and recurrent post-treatment tumor specimens.

Evolution of the Minimally Invasive Surgery Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: Where Are We Now?

The transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) technique, pioneered by Harms and Rolinger in 1982 and further refined in the early 2000s by Rosenberg and Mummaneni and later by Foley and Lefkowitz, uses Kambin triangle to access the disc space, thecal sac, and nerve roots. The minimally invasive surgery (MIS) approach to TLIF minimizes soft tissue disruption and spinal segment destabilization, offering benefits such as reduced operative times, blood loss, complications, and postoperative opiate use, with comparable fusion rates to open techniques. Despite these advantages, MIS interbody selection poses challenges, with the MIS TLIF preferred for L4-5 fusions when lordosis restoration is not needed.

Development of a Subnational Health Security Capacities Assessment Tool: Lessons From Nigeria and Implications for the Implementation of the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response Strategy.

The Joint External Evaluation tool is a World Health Organization-recommended method for evaluating countries' capacities under the International Health Regulations (2005) (IHR). It encompasses a national preparedness assessment process for public health threats and offers a structured framework for planning and implementing effective response measures. A tailored approach is necessary for Nigeria's federated system of government, in which most constitutional requirements for public health and associated issues are decentralized to the state level.