Public Health.

Background: Studies comprising cohorts of cognitively unimpaired older adults or with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that assesses clinical and biological characteristics to conversion to dementia are scarce in Brazil.

Method: To determine the median conversion time to dementia in a cohort of Brazilian older adults with low educational levels. In the cohort, participants undergo an annual comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological evaluation, complemented by neuroimaging and laboratory assessments to determine the diagnosis.

Public Health.

Background: Dementia is characterized by a chronic and progressive loss of cognitive function in the absence of a fluctuating level of consciousness. Alzheimer's disease is the main etiology of dementia, presenting insidiously and causing progressive cognitive impairment with increasing severity over the years. Given the immense complexity of managing patients with advanced dementia, the Advanced Cognitive Impairment Outpatient Clinic (ACIOC) of the Geriatric Service of the Internal Medicine Division of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP) was created in April 2008, which aimes to monitor elderly patients referred from other outpatient clinics, with moderate to advanced dementia, for multidisciplinary follow-up: doctor, speech therapist, occupational therapist and dentist.

Public Health.

Background: Dementia is a complex condition that affects individuals in various ways around the world, with a particularly high prevalence and incidence in low- to middle-income countries. However, the majority of clinical trials on immunomodulators in Alzheimer's disease have predominantly been conducted in specific geographic regions and populations. Our objective is to assess the diversity and inclusiveness of the participant samples in terminated phase 2 or 3 clinical trials for anti-amyloid therapies.

Biomarkers.

Background: Inflammation plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Interleukin 8 (CXCL8) has emerged as an important cytokine involved in neuroinflammation. It is known as an inflammatory factor that induces a chemotactic response to sites of injury, involving the infiltration of neutrophils.

Developing Topics.

Background: The deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques is a classical neuropathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, it is believed that intermediate products of the Aβ fibrillogenesis process, like the β-amyloid oligomers (AβOs), are the most toxic forms, and are involved in neurodegenerative processes in AD. The evaluation of cerebral glucose metabolism in patients with β-amyloid plaque deposition using [F]FDG-PET has been used as a marker of neurodegeneration in AD.