Neighborhood Factors related to Cancer Screening in Texas: a spatioecological study.

Introduction: To examine the associations of neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), ethnic enclaves, residential Black segregation with screening for breast, cervical and colorectal (CRC) cancers across the state of Texas (TX).

Methods: Using an ecologic study design, spatial clustering of low breast, cervical and CRC screening rates were identified across TX census tracts using local Moran's I statistics. Binomial spatial probit regression was used to estimate the associations between nSES, Hispanic/Latino and Asian American (AA) ethnic enclave neighborhoods and residential Black segregation with geospatial clusters of low screening, adjusting for behavioral characteristics.

Positive association of oscillometrically estimated baseline arterial stiffness with incident diabetes and prediabetes: A large population-based cohort study.

Aims: This large population-based study aimed to investigate whether arterial stiffness, assessed oscillometrically, was associated with incident diabetes/prediabetes.

Methods: The study sample comprised 4240 participants from the Vitamin D Assessment (ViDA) Study (mean±SD age = 66 ± 8). Arterial stiffness was assessed from 5 April 2011-6 November 2012 by way of aortic PWV (aPWV) and estimated carotid-femoral PWV (ecfPWV).

Environmental Stress and Resource Availability Affect the Maintenance of Genetic Variation in a Dominant Marsh Plant (Spartina alterniflora).

Changes in genetic variation, and particularly documented declines in genetic diversity, influence not only evolutionary potential but also current ecological function. Given this context, it is essential to understand what abiotic and biotic factors promote or disrupt the maintenance of genetic variation in natural populations. To address this knowledge gap in the context of salt marsh plants, we established a three-year field experiment, testing the independent and interactive effects of nutrient availability and physical stress on the maintenance of plant (Spartina alterniflora) genotypic diversity.

Impact of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities on presentation and survival of HCC: A multicenter study.

Background: Racial and ethnic disparities have been reported for HCC prognosis, although few studies fully account for clinically important factors and social determinants of health, including neighborhood socioeconomic status.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter cohort study of patients newly diagnosed with HCC from January 2010 through August 2018 at 4 large health systems in the United States. We used multivariable logistic regression and cause-specific Cox proportional hazard models to identify factors associated with early-stage HCC presentation and overall survival.

A short review of application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for the assessment of microvascular post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) in skeletal muscle.

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an optical technique that can be used to non-invasively interrogate haemodynamic changes within skeletal muscle. It can be combined with a short (3-5 min) arterial cuff-occlusion to quantify post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH). This technique has utility in tracking changes in vascular health in relation to exercise, disease progression or treatment efficacy.