Changes in Photoperiod During the Dry Period Impact Colostrum Production in Holstein and Jersey Cows.

Multi-parous Holstein cows exposed to short day photoperiod (SDPP) of 8 h of light per day during their dry period produced up to 3.2 kg more milk per day compared with cows exposed to long day photoperiod (LDPP) of 16 h of light per day; it is unknown if a similar response would be observed for Jersey cow milk production. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of photoperiod during the dry period on subsequent colostrum and milk production in Holstein and Jersey cattle.

Epitranscriptomic reader YTHDF2 regulates SEK1()-JNK-cJUN inflammatory signaling in astrocytes during neurotoxic stress.

As the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes dynamically respond to neurotoxic stress, however, the key molecular regulators controlling the inflammatory status of these sentinels during neurotoxic stress are many and complex. Herein, we demonstrate that the m6A epitranscriptomic mRNA modification tightly regulates the pro-inflammatory functions of astrocytes. Specifically, the astrocytic neurotoxic stressor, manganese (Mn), downregulated the m6A reader YTHDF2 in human and mouse astrocyte cultures and in the mouse brain.

Human recombinant interleukin-6 improves the morphological quality of cryopreserved in vitro produced bovine blastocysts.

This work explored whether a well-characterized recombinant human interleukin-6 (hIL6) protein will influence in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryo development and survival after cryopreservation. Cumulus oocyte complexes were collected from abattoir derived ovaries, matured for 24 h, and fertilized using pooled semen from Holstein bulls. Embryos were treated with 0, 25, 50, or 100 ng/mL hIL6 on day 5 post-fertilization.

Interleukin-6 supplementation improves bovine conceptus elongation and transcriptomic indicators of developmental competence†.

A high incidence of pregnancy failures occurs in cattle during the second week of pregnancy as blastocysts transition into an elongated conceptus. This work explored whether interleukin-6 supplementation during in vitro embryo production would improve subsequent conceptus development. Bovine embryos were treated with 0 or 100 ng/mL recombinant bovine interleukin-6 beginning on day 5 post-fertilization.

Epitranscriptomic Reader YTHDF2 Regulates SEK1( )-JNK-cJUN Inflammatory Signaling in Astrocytes during Neurotoxic Stress.

As the most abundant glial cells in the CNS, astrocytes dynamically respond to neurotoxic stress, however, the key molecular regulators controlling the inflammatory status of these sentinels during neurotoxic stress have remained elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that the m6A epitranscriptomic mRNA modification tightly regulates the pro-inflammatory functions of astrocytes. Specifically, the astrocytic neurotoxic stresser, manganese (Mn), downregulated the m6A reader YTHDF2 in human and mouse astrocyte cultures and in the mouse brain.