Chemically induced bladder cancer--a sonographic and morphologic description.

Objectives: Carcinogen-induced bladder cancer in rodents is a key model for evaluation of novel therapies for bladder cancer because of its similarity to the clinical disease. The major drawback of the model is the difficulty in assessing tumor burden in living animals and at necropsy. The objective of this work was to present simple and accurate solutions for this problem.

Components of left ventricular dysfunction discriminated noninvasively beat by beat.

Disturbed left ventricular contractility and synchrony were studied noninvasively beat by beat with simultaneous systolic time intervals and acceleration ballistocardiograms during quiet respiration. Thirty-six measures per beat, reduced to 7 by appropriate statistical methods, produced a linear discriminant function, based on a split training sample of 15 normal men (258 beats) and 9 men (149 beats) with proved myocardial infarctions. Validation tests on an independent set classified 89% of the beats from 12 tested normal subjects as "normal" and 96% of the beats from 6 tested men who had had infarction as "coronary-like," a physiologic, not etiologic, classification.

Left ventricular dysfunction discriminated noninvasively beat by beat.

To discriminate left ventricular (LV) dysfunctional beats noninvasively, simultaneous systolic time intervals (STI), acceleration ballistocardiograms (BCG) and respiratory cycle were recorded in 102 men with no history of cardiac disease and in 20 men with proved myocardial infarction or systemic hypertension. Thirty-six measurements were made on each heartbeat on a maximum of 20 beats per patient. The ratio of preejection period to LV ejection time (ET) varied significantly with the respiratory cycle in normal men, but not in men with proved myocardial infarctions or systemic hypertension.