Child Opportunity Index at Birth and Asthma with Recurrent Exacerbations in the U.S. ECHO Program.

Background: Environmental exposures and social determinants likely influence specific childhood asthma phenotypes.

Objective: We hypothesized that the Child Opportunity Index (COI) at birth, measuring multiple neighborhood opportunities, influences incidence rates (IRs) for asthma with recurrent exacerbations (ARE).

Methods: We tested for COI associations with ARE incidence rates in 15,877 children born between 1990-2018 in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) program.

Critical role of microRNAs in cellular quality control during brain aging and neurological disorders: Interplay between autophagy and proteostasis.

A decline in cellular quality control mechanisms is one of the processes of brain aging. Autophagy and proteostasis are two regulatory mechanisms that maintain cellular component turnover to preserve cellular homeostasis, optimal function, and neuronal health by eliminating damaged and aggregated proteins and preventing neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Impaired autophagy and proteostasis are significant hallmarks of aging and many age-related NDDs.

Dry powder Inhalation of lytic mycobacteriophages for adjunct therapy in a mouse model of infection with Mycobacteriumtuberculosis.

Inhaled therapy of tuberculosis (TB) by a Dry Powder Inhalation (DPI) comprising mycobacteriophage D29 and TM4 was non-inferior to oral anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT) with isoniazid and rifampicin in a mouse model of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). No pharmaceutical phage product of mycobacteriophages is approved for large-scale production. We scaled up preparation and downstream processing of phages, developed DPI formulations, and established methods for determining identity, purity, assay, stability, and critical quality attributes (CQA).