[Registers as central real world data source: the experience of the Italian Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Register].

Registers collecting data from clinical practice (real world data) have gained increasing interest in recent years in the scientific, administrative, and regulatory fields. The value of longitudinal data collection in deepening knowledge about a specific pathology and its healthcare complexity is increasingly recognized. This article describes the development, organizational structure, and technical characteristics of the Italian Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Register (RISM).

Switch to phagocytic microglia by CSFR1 inhibition drives amyloid-beta clearance from glutamatergic terminals rescuing LTP in acute hippocampal slices.

Microglia, traditionally regarded as innate immune cells in the brain, drive neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunctions in the early phases of Alzheimer disease (AD), acting upstream to Aβ accumulation. Colony stimulating factor 1-receptor (CSF-1R) is predominantly expressed on microglia and its levels are significantly increased in neurodegenerative diseases, possibly contributing to the chronic inflammatory microglial response. On the other hand, CSF-1R inhibitors confer neuroprotection in preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases.

Data monitoring roadmap. The experience of the Italian Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Register.

Introduction: Over the years, disease registers have been increasingly considered a source of reliable and valuable population studies. However, the validity and reliability of data from registers may be limited by missing data, selection bias or data quality not adequately evaluated or checked. This study reports the analysis of the consistency and completeness of the data in the Italian Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders Register.

Cancer Incidence and Mortality According to Pre-Existing Heart Failure in a Community-Based Cohort.

Background: Studies assessing whether heart failure (HF) is associated with cancer and cancer-related mortality have yielded conflicting results.

Objectives: This study assessed cancer incidence and mortality according to pre-existing HF in a community-based cohort.

Methods: Among individuals ≥50 years of age from the Puglia region in Italy with administrative health data from 2002 to 2018, no cancer within 3 years before the baseline evaluation, and ≥5-year follow-up, the study matched 104,020 subjects with HF at baseline with 104,020 control subjects according to age, sex, drug-derived complexity index, Charlson comorbidity index, and follow-up duration.

Insulin treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus and heart failure in the era of new antidiabetic medications.

Background: Coexistent heart failure (HF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are associated with marked morbidity and mortality. Optimizing treatment strategies can reduce the number and severity of events. Insulin is frequently used in these patients, but its benefit/risk ratio is still not clear, particularly since new antidiabetic drugs that reduce major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) and renal failure have recently come into use.