Retinal hemorrhages due to intracranial hypertension, is it possible to differentiate them from those associated with abuse?

Background: Retinal hemorrhages (RHs) are suggestive of abusive head trauma (AHT). Even so, controversy persists about other possible causes, a fact that hinders the diagnosis of abuse.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and patterns of RHs associated with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in young children.

Epidemiology of Fractures in Children Younger Than 12 Months.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and characteristics of fractures in young infants attended at the pediatric emergency department (PED).

Methods: This is a retrospective study for 2 years (2011-2012) of children younger than 12 months attended with a fracture at the PED. Age, sex, site and type of fracture, mechanism of injury, time interval before seeking medical attention, and management were analyzed.

Is pertussis in infants a potential cause of retinal haemorrhages?

Aim: To determine the prevalence of retinal haemorrhages in infants with pertussis infection with the purpose of clarifying the differential diagnosis of the cases of abusive head trauma.

Methods: Prospective study of children aged 15 days to 2 years admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of pertussis over a period of 4 years (May 2004-May 2008). All children underwent one detailed ophthalmological examination within 72 h of admission.

Retinal hemorrhages and apparent life-threatening events.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of retinal hemorrhages in apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) with the purpose of facilitating the differential diagnosis of the cases of nonaccidental head trauma.

Methods: Prospective study on children aged 15 days to 2 years admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of an ALTE over a period of 2 years (May 2004-May 2006). All the children underwent detailed ophthalmologic examination within 72 hours of admission.