Preparation and analysis of biomass lignins.

Lignin, comprised primarily of three randomly polymerized phenylpropenyl monomers, is, arguably, the second most common organic molecule on earth. In current biorefinery applications, lignin is burned, usually in concentrated pulping or hydrolysis liquor, as a source of process steam and both internal and exported electricity. The aromatic content of lignin makes it a potentially attractive feedstock for high-value aromatic chemicals, polymers, and carbon products (graphite, activated carbon, and carbon fiber).

[Extracranial meningioma. Apropos of 7 cases; pathogenic, diagnostic and therapeutic problems].

Meningioma is a benign tumor developing in the meningeal layers. Extracranial meningiomas, seven cases of which are reviewed, are often revealed by ENT signs. In the majority of cases they originate from the cranium and histologic diagnosis (particularly of fresh specimens) is often difficult.