Third-Generation CALPHAD Modeling of Elemental Nb and Zr and Partial Re-Assessment of Their Binary Phase Diagram.

Liquid metals and metallic alloys often exist as metastable phases or can be undercooled below their equilibrium melting point. The Traditional CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach struggles to accurately model these metastable conditions, which are important in rapid quenching techniques like additive manufacturing, and to understand glass formation or oxidation phenomena occurring in the liquid phase during nuclear and high-temperature aerospace applications. On the contrary, the third-generation CALPHAD models have the potential to accurately describe metastable phase diagrams to provide better predictions of molten phase behavior under non-equilibrium conditions.

Optimization of Brilliant Blue R photocatalytic degradation by silver nanoparticles synthesized using Chlorella vulgaris.

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using microalgae is gaining recognition for its environmentally friendly and cost-effective nature while maintaining high activity of NPs. In the present study, Ag NPs were synthesized using a methanolic extract of Chlorella vulgaris and subjected to calcination. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed a crystalline nature of the products with AgO and Ag phases with an average crystalline size of 16.

Osmotic injury and cytotoxicity for hMSCs in contact with Me2SO: The effect of cell size distribution.

The paper discusses the impact of cell size on cytotoxicity and expansion lysis during the osmotic excursions resulting from the contact of hMSCs from UCB with Me2SO. It builds upon the mathematical model recently presented by the authors, which pertains to a population of cells with uniform size. The objective is to enhance the model's relevance by incorporating the more realistic scenario of cell size distribution, utilizing a Population Balance Equations approach.

Estimation of differential pathlength factor from NIRS measurement in skeletal muscle.

The utilization of continuous wave (CW) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device to measure non-invasively muscle oxygenation in healthy and disease states is limited by the uncertainties related to the differential path length factor (DPF). DPF value is required to quantify oxygenated and deoxygenated heme groups' concentration changes from measurement of optical densities by NIRS. An integrated approach that combines animal and computational models of oxygen transport and utilization was used to estimate the DPF value in situ.

hMSCs in contact with DMSO for cryopreservation: Experiments and modeling of osmotic injury and cytotoxic effect.

In this study a combined analysis of osmotic injury and cytotoxic effect useful for the optimization of the cryopreservation process of a cell suspension is carried out. The case of human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hMSCs) from Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) in contact with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) acting as Cryo-Protectant Agent (CPA) is investigated from the experimental as well as the theoretical perspective. The experimental runs are conducted by suspending the cells in hypertonic solutions of DMSO at varying osmolality, system temperature, and contact times; then, at room temperature, cells are pelleted by centrifugation and suspended back to isotonic conditions.