Tracing and strains causing septicemia in extremely preterm infants to the skin, mouth, and gut microbiota.

Unlabelled: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) comprise about 50 species, some of which cause septicemia in preterm neonates. CoNS establish early on the skin and in the oral and gut microbiota, from where they may spread to the bloodstream. The colonization pattern preceding septicemia is not well-defined.

Gut microbiota markers in early childhood are linked to farm living, pets in household and allergy.

Background: Children growing up on farms or with pets have a lower risk of developing allergy, which may be linked to their gut microbiota development during infancy.

Methods: Children from the FARMFLORA birth cohort (N = 65), of whom 28 (43%) lived on a dairy farm and 40 (62%) had pets, provided fecal samples at intervals from 3 days to 18 months of age. Gut microbiota composition was characterized using quantitative microbial culture of various typical anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, with colonization rate and population counts of bacterial groups determined at the genus or species level.

Associations of gestational and childhood exposure to lead, cadmium, and fluoride with cognitive abilities, behavior, and social communication at 4 years of age: NICE birth cohort study.

Background: Early-life lead exposure affects cognitive development and emerging evidence suggests similar effects of cadmium and fluoride.

Objective: To assess the impact of gestational and childhood exposure to lead, cadmium, and fluoride on cognitive abilities and behavioral and social communication problems.

Methods: We studied 470 pregnant women (gestational week 29) and their 4-year-old children from the NICE cohort in northern Sweden.

Wound cleansing solutions versus normal saline in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers - A systematic review.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a major complication of diabetes mellitus, defined as infection, ulceration and/or destruction of deep tissues and/or peripheral artery disease in the lower extremities. Efficient cleansing is essential for the treatment of wounds, as it removes debris and necrotic tissue and decreases the burden of wound-colonizing microorganisms. The objective was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to investigate the effects of wound cleansing agents commonly used in DFU care, compared to the use of normal saline for DFU management.

Biomarker Candidates of Habitual Food Intake in a Swedish Cohort of Pregnant and Lactating Women and Their Infants.

Circulating food metabolites could improve dietary assessments by complementing traditional methods. Here, biomarker candidates of food intake were identified in plasma samples from pregnancy (gestational week 29, N = 579), delivery (mothers, N = 532; infants, N = 348), and four months postpartum (mothers, N = 477; breastfed infants, N = 193) and associated to food intake assessed with semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires. Families from the Swedish birth cohort Nutritional impact on Immunological maturation during Childhood in relation to the Environment (NICE) were included.