Adherence to facemask use in public places during the autumn-winter 2020 COVID-19 lockdown in Greece: observational data.

Background: Wearing facemasks is of proven efficacy as a public health protective measure against COVID-19. Currently there are no observational data concerning the wearing of facemasks and the adherence to guidelines concerning their handling.

Methods: Registration of the way passers-by were wearing facemasks at 26 different locations of five major cities in Greece.

Carl Ferdinand von Arlt, Ritter von Bergschmidt (1812-1887): A Pioneer in Ophthalmology.

Carl Ferdinand von Arlt, Ritter von Bergschmidt (1812-1887) was a pioneer in ophthalmology. The purpose of our paper is to highlight his scientific work. He did not only introduce new surgical techniques and invent new instruments in ocular surgery, but also influenced the development of ophthalmology in the 19th century.

Are Drugs Always the Proper Solution to Therapeutic Dilemmas? Non-drug Approaches to the Post-traumatic Stress "Waking Corpse" Syndrome.

Jules Cotard (1840-1889), a Parisian neurologist, described a syndrome of delirium negations which was later named after him. Some physicians in antiquity and medieval times, especially in Asia, have noticed this syndrome and categorized it as a symptom of melancholy. They have presented it as a "walking corpse syndrome", inflicting most probably veteran soldiers after suffering during ferocious battles, presenting the first cases of a post war traumatic stress disorder.

Philip Henry Mules (1843-1905) and his innovations in ocular surgery.

Introduction: The aim of the present study is to present an historical overview of the innovations in ocular surgery introduced by the very important surgeon, but mainly unknown, Philip Henry Mules (1843-1905).

Methods: Philip Henry Mules introduced the Mules' evisceration operation and the Mules' ptosis operation. He also invented surgical instruments such as Mules' scoop, Mules' repository, and Mules' enucleation scissors.

Eugène Louis Doyen (1859-1916): The Reformer of French Surgery.

Eugène Louis Doyen (1859-1916) is considered as the reformer of French surgery at the end of 19th and early 20th century. Although he had a short life, dying at the age of 57, he left his mark in the history of French medicine and especially surgery, not only because he introduced many new medical instruments but also for his innovative idea to introduce cinematography in surgical education, which is crucial until today in the education of every surgeon in the world.