Harnessing orbital Hall effect in spin-orbit torque MRAM.

Spin-Orbit Torque (SOT) Magnetic Random-Access Memory (MRAM) devices offer improved power efficiency, nonvolatility, and performance compared to static RAM, making them ideal, for instance, for cache memory applications. Efficient magnetization switching, long data retention, and high-density integration in SOT MRAM require ferromagnets (FM) with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) combined with large torques enhanced by Orbital Hall Effect (OHE). We have engineered a PMA [Co/Ni] FM on selected OHE layers (Ru, Nb, Cr) and investigated the potential of theoretically predicted larger orbital Hall conductivity (OHC) to quantify the torque and switching current in OHE/[Co/Ni] stacks.

Build muscles and protect myelin.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and debilitating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in which a CNS-driven immune response destroys myelin, leading to wide range of symptoms including numbness and tingling, vision problems, mobility impairment, etc. Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells in the CNS, which are generated from oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPCs) via differentiation. However, for multiple reasons, OPCs fail to differentiate to oligodendrocytes in MS and as a result, stimulating the differentiation of OPCs to oligodendrocytes is considered beneficial for MS.

Purple non-sulfur bacteria for biotechnological applications.

Unlabelled: In this review, we focus on how purple non-sulfur bacteria can be leveraged for sustainable bioproduction to support the circular economy. We discuss the state of the field with respect to the use of purple bacteria for energy production, their role in wastewater treatment, as a fertilizer, and as a chassis for bioplastic production. We explore their ability to serve as single-cell protein and production platforms for fine chemicals from waste materials.

Global challenges and solutions to achieving and sustaining measles and rubella elimination.

Measles and rubella have long been recognized as priorities for disease prevention because of their devastating consequences for child health; hence, all World Health Organization (WHO) regions currently have a goal to eliminate measles and four out of six WHO regions have a goal to eliminate rubella. Significant global progress has been made in the twenty-first century, with more than 40% of countries in the world verified by a Regional Verification Commission as having eliminated measles and more than 50% of countries having sustained rubella elimination. Making further progress will require addressing fundamental gaps in health systems, a particular challenge in the current global context where many countries face multiple barriers to both sustaining and achieving measles and rubella elimination.