In Vitro Cytotoxicity of D18 and Y6 as Potential Organic Photovoltaic Materials for Retinal Prostheses.

Millions of people worldwide are diagnosed with retinal dystrophies such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. A retinal prosthesis using organic photovoltaic (OPV) semiconductors is a promising therapeutic device to restore vision to patients at the late onset of the disease. However, an appropriate cytotoxicity approach has to be employed on the OPV materials before using them as retinal implants.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of cigarette, hookah and marijuana consumption among undergraduate students of University of Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina: a repeated cross-sectional study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of cigarette, hookah and marijuana consumption among undergraduate students of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Methods: The first part of the double cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students of the University of Sarajevo from 22nd to 26th January 2020, prior to the first COVID-19 case in the country (study period 1), and the second part from March 25th to August 26th 2021, during the third wave of COVID-19 outbreak (study period 2).

Results: The majority of the 1,230 respondents were women (N1 70.

Sleep quality and patterns of young West Balkan adults during the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To evaluate the sleep patterns among young West Balkan adults during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design And Setting: Cross-sectional study conducted using an anonymous online questionnaire based on established sleep questionnaires Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (February-August 2021).

Participants: Young adults of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia.

Retinal Organoids and Retinal Prostheses: An Overview.

Despite the progress of modern medicine in the last decades, millions of people diagnosed with retinal dystrophies (RDs), such as retinitis pigmentosa, or age-related diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, are suffering from severe visual impairment or even legal blindness. On the one hand, the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and the progress of three-dimensional (3D) retinal organoids (ROs) technology provide a great opportunity to study, understand, and even treat retinal diseases. On the other hand, research advances in the field of electronic retinal prosthesis using inorganic photovoltaic polymers and the emergence of organic semiconductors represent an encouraging therapeutical strategy to restore vision to patients at the late onset of the disease.

On the road: Anthropogenic factors drive the invasion risk of a wild solitary bee species.

Complex biotic networks of invaders and their new environments pose immense challenges for researchers aiming to predict current and future occupancy of introduced species. This might be especially true for invasive bees, as they enter novel trophic interactions. Little attention has been paid to solitary, invasive wild bees, despite their increasing recognition as a potential global threat to biodiversity.