A mixed methods evaluation of 99DOTS digital adherence technology uptake among adolescents treated for pulmonary tuberculosis in Uganda.

Introduction: Adolescents and young adults are at risk of poor adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment and subsequently worse TB treatment outcomes. Digital adherence technologies, including the mobile phone-based 99DOTS platform, can support TB treatment, but there is limited data on their use among adolescents.

Objective: To evaluate factors associated with the uptake of 99DOTS among adolescents with TB.

Plasma proteomics for novel biomarker discovery in childhood tuberculosis.

Failure to rapidly diagnose tuberculosis disease (TB) and initiate treatment is a driving factor of TB as a leading cause of death in children. Current TB diagnostic assays have poor performance in children, and identifying novel non-sputum-based TB biomarkers to improve pediatric TB diagnosis is a global priority. We sought to develop a plasma biosignature for TB by probing the plasma proteome of 511 children stratified by TB diagnostic classification and HIV status from sites in four low- and middle-income countries, using high-throughput data-independent acquisition mass-spectrometry (DIA-PASEF-MS).

Impact of a multicomponent strategy including decentralized molecular testing for tuberculosis on mortality: planned analysis of a cluster-randomized trial in Uganda.

Background: Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is important for improving outcomes and reducing transmission. Previous studies assessing the impact of Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), a molecular assay that provides results within 2 h, on mortality have been inconclusive. In this planned analysis of a pragmatic cluster-randomized trial in Uganda, we assessed whether a multicomponent strategy, including decentralized Xpert testing, decreased mortality among adults evaluated for TB.

C-reactive Protein-based Screening of People with Tuberculosis Symptoms: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

: C-reactive protein (CRP)-based tuberculosis (TB) screening is recommended for people with HIV (PWH). However, its performance among people without HIV and in diverse settings is unknown. : In a multi-country study, we aimed to determine whether CRP meets the minimum accuracy targets (sensitivity ≥90%, specificity ≥70%) for an effective TB screening test.

Preferences of people living with HIV for features of tuberculosis preventive treatment regimens in Uganda: a discrete choice experiment.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) is recommended for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in high TB burden settings. While 6 months of daily isoniazid remains widely used, shorter regimens are now available. However, little is known about preferences of PLHIV for key features of TPT regimens.