CCR1 antagonist as a potential modulator of inflammatory, autophagic, and apoptotic markers in spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe and lasting impairments in motor and sensory functions. The intense inflammatory response following SCI is a significant challenge, and autophagy has emerged as a key factor in the recovery process. The C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1), a G-protein coupled receptor, plays a crucial role in managing the chemokine response under stress.

Limitations of Continuous Neural Monitoring in Thyroid Surgery.

Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring is currently the gold standard technique available to prevent recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries. It significantly reduces the complication rate compared with intermittent intraoperative neuromonitoring, and represents significant progress in thyroid surgery, particularly in cases of more difficult dissections. There are, however, some technological and interpretative limits related to the lack of standardization of continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring and the prolonged length of time employed in the surgical positioning of the probe, despite various proposed approaches to the vagal nerve.

Staged Thyroidectomy: A Single Institution Perspective.

Background: The increasing use of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) in thyroid surgery has revealed the need to develop new strategies for cases in which a loss of signal (LOS) occurs on the first side of a planned total thyroidectomy.

Objectives: This study reviews the experience of the authors in using IONM for planned total thyroidectomy after LOS on the first thyroid lobe. The aims were to estimate the incidence of LOS on the first side of resection and to compare intraoperative strategies applied after this event.

Metachronous bilateral ectopic breast carcinoma: a case report.

An incomplete regression of the mammary line during embryogenesis occurs in 0.2-6% of the population, which may result in the presence of ectopic breast tissue (EBT). The development of a carcinoma in the EBT is a rare event.