Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) is a circuit-based treatment for severe, refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The therapeutic effects of DBS are hypothesized to be mediated by direct modulation of a distributed cortico-striato-thalmo-cortical network underlying OCD symptoms. However, the exact underlying mechanism by which DBS exerts its therapeutic effects still remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFScope: Food intake biomarkers are proposed to be a more reliable tool for investigating the nutritional status compared to food diaries or food frequency questionnaires. Nevertheless, biomarkers have some disadvantages such as the influence of the individual lifestyle, different metabolism, nutrient-nutrient interaction or the specificity of the used biomarkers. To evaluate the suitability of several biomarkers, a study under conditions close to everyday life was conducted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Deceased donor multiorgan transplants utilizing kidneys (MOTs) can improve outcomes for multiorgan recipients but reduces kidneys for chronic renal failure patients.
Methods: We reviewed the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database from 2015 through 2019, for adult deceased donor kidney transplants. Recipients were classified as kidney transplant alone (KTA) (n = 62,252) or MOTs pancreas-kidney, simultaneous pancreas-kidney (n = 3,976), liver-kidney, simultaneous liver-kidney (n = 3,212), heart-kidney, simultaneous heart-kidney (n = 808), and "other"-kidney, simultaneous "other" kidney (n = 73).
The Indo-European languages are among the most widely spoken in the world, yet their early diversification remains contentious. It is widely accepted that the spread of this language family across Europe from the 5th millennium BP correlates with the expansion and diversification of steppe-related genetic ancestry from the onset of the Bronze Age. However, multiple steppe-derived populations co-existed in Europe during this period, and it remains unclear how these populations diverged and which provided the demographic channels for the ancestral forms of the Italic, Celtic, Greek, and Armenian languages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF