Non-invasive real-time investigation of colorectal cells tight junctions by Raman microspectroscopy analysis combined with machine learning algorithms for organ-on-chip applications.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy in developed countries. Diagnosis strongly depends on the pathologist's expertise and laboratory equipment, and patient survival is influenced by the cancer's stage at detection. Non-invasive spectroscopic techniques can aid early diagnosis, monitor disease progression, and assess changes in physiological parameters in both heterogeneous samples and advanced platforms like Organ-on-Chip (OoC).