Insoluble polysaccharides produced in plant cell cultures protect from Clostridioides difficile colitis.

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) poses a significant health threat due to high recurrence rates. Antimicrobial agents are commonly used to manage CDI-related diarrhoea; however, by aggravating intestinal dysbiosis, antibiotics enable C. difficile spores germination and production of toxins, the main virulence factors.

Optimization of Anthocyanin Production in Tobacco Cells.

Plant cell cultures have emerged as a promising tool for producing active molecules due to their numerous advantages over traditional agricultural methods. Flavonols, and anthocyanin pigments in particular, together with other phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, are known for their beneficial health properties, mainly due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The synthesis of these molecules is finely regulated in plant cells and controlled at the transcriptional level by specific MYB and bHLH transcription factors that coordinate the transcription of structural biosynthetic genes.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Other Immune Therapies in Breast Cancer: A New Paradigm for Prolonged Adjuvant Immunotherapy.

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women worldwide. Advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of cancer in the last decade have progressively decreased the cancer mortality rate, and in recent years, immunotherapy has emerged as a relevant tool against cancer. HER2+ and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are considered more immunogenic and suitable for this kind of treatment due to the higher rate of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression.

Childhood Maltreatment, Blood Lead Levels, and Crime and Violence: A Prospective Examination.

Background: Research has shown that maltreated children are at increased risk for subsequent crime and violence and are more likely to reside in neighborhoods with a high likelihood of lead exposure. Other literature has reported associations between childhood lead exposure and antisocial and criminal behavior. Little is known about the relationships among childhood maltreatment, adult lead exposure, and crime and violence.

Dietary intake of cyanidin-3-glucoside induces a long-lasting cardioprotection from ischemia/reperfusion injury by altering the microbiota.

The anthocyanin class of flavonoids, including cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) present in berries, blood oranges and pigmented cereal crops, are food bioactives with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action, capable to reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by unclear mechanism. Assessing the value of sporadic beneficial diet is critical for practical application. We aimed to determine whether and how the cardioptotective effect of dietary intake of anthocyanins persists.