Physical activity, cathepsin B, and cognitive health.

Regular physical activity (PA) is beneficial for cognitive health, and cathepsin B (CTSB) - a protease released by skeletal muscle during PA - acts as a potential molecular mediator of this association. PA-induced metabolic and mechanical stress appears to increase plasma/serum CTSB levels. CTSB facilitates neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in brain regions (e.

Oncocytoma: a rare neoplasm of the caruncle.

Oncocytoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the glandular tissue, most commonly found in the caruncle of the eye. These lesions have an excellent prognosis and have not been reported to recur after resection from the caruncle. Given the wide range of differentials and potential for malignancy, excision and histopathological examination are recommended to establish the diagnosis and guide proper treatment.

Medical loss ratio's role in the large group insurer market.

Objectives: To assess trends in the medical loss ratio (MLR) and understand how health insurance premiums in the large group market are driven by medical claims spending and insurer margins.

Study Design: Study of approximately 500 insurers covering more than 40 million lives annually in the large group market that submitted an MLR submission form (2014-2022).

Methods: We assessed trends in the MLR, premiums, medical claims spending, administrative costs, quality improvement spending, and margins among all insurers in the large group market.

Loss of Type 2 Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Activates NOD-Like Receptor Family Protein 3/Gasdermin E-Mediated Pyroptosis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an incurable disease initiated by endothelial dysfunction, secondary to vascular inflammation and occlusive pulmonary arterial vascular remodeling, resulting in elevated pulmonary arterial pressure and right heart failure. Previous research has reported that dysfunction of type 2 bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR2) signaling pathway in endothelium is inclined to prompt inflammation in PAH models, but the underlying mechanism of BMPR2 deficiency-mediated inflammation needs further investigation. This study was designed to investigate whether BMPR2 deficiency contributes to pulmonary arterial hypertension via the NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family protein 3)/GSDME (gasdermin E)-mediated pyroptosis pathway.

Circulating Tumor HPV-DNA in the Management of HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Blood-borne, cell-free DNA has been proposed as a means of individualizing the management of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods And Materials: This study was designed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. A comprehensive literature search of peer-reviewed publications from January 2013 to January 2024 was undertaken to identify prospective studies pertaining to the use of circulating HPV-DNA for oropharyngeal carcinoma.