Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: Calcineurin, a protein involved in functions such as synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. This study, randomized, investigated the effects of FK506 (FK), a calcineurin inhibitor, on the behavioral, histological, and biochemical alterations observed in models of neurotoxicity induced by NMDA or Aβ and in a transgenic model for AD, in addition to the organotypic culture model stimulated with NMDA.

Methods: This study involved models for AD to experiment injecting NMDA or Aβ1-42 into the hippocampus of male C57Bl/6 mice aged 8-12 weeks to induce a neurotoxicity model, treating double-transgenic APP/PS1 mice, expressing both mouse/human APP and mutant human PS1, with chronic FK506 for AD, in which, to enable NMDA or Aβ1-42 microinjections, another experiment including a stereotaxic surgery was performed on the C57Bl/6 mice.

Nanobased Natural Polymers as a Carrier System for Glyphosate: An Interesting Approach Aimed at Sustainable Agriculture.

Polymer-based herbicide nanocarriers have shown potential for increasing the herbicide efficacy and environmental safety. This study aimed to develop, characterize, and evaluate toxicity to target and nontarget organisms of natural-based polymeric nanosystems for glyphosate. Polymers such as chitosan (CS), zein (ZN), and lignin (LG) were used in the synthesis.

From femtoseconds to minutes: Spectroscopic study of optically induced thermal diffusion in aqueous solution of rhodamine B.

Given that non-equilibrium molecular motion in thermal gradients is influenced by both solute and solvent, the application of spectroscopic methods that probe each component in a binary mixture can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of thermal diffusion for a large class of systems. In the present work, we use an all-optical setup whereby near-infrared excitation of the solvent leads to a steady-state thermal gradient in solution, followed by characterization of the non-equilibrium system with electronic spectroscopy, imaging, and intensity. Using rhodamine B in water as a case study, we perform measurements as a function of solute concentration, temperature, wavelength, time, near-infrared laser power, visible excitation wavelength, and isotope effect.

Recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology for the Treatment of Neoplastic Pericardial Effusion.

This document presents guidelines to assist surgeons in the diagnosis and management of this condition, emphasizing a multidisciplinary approach. Recommendations described by a group of physicians members of the Brazilian Society of Oncological Surgery regarding the treatment of neoplastic pericardial effusion, developed to guide oncological surgeons, cardiothoracic surgeons and general surgeons in their clinical practice. Members of the Thoracic Neoplasms Committee carried out a literature review and discussion among expert peers to create a guideline that would help in managing this very serious clinical condition in our oncology practice: Neoplastic pericardial effusion.

Visual Loss after Scoliosis Surgery: What Do Surgeons and Patients Need to Know? Three Case Reports.

Visual deficit after spinal surgery is rare but tragic. The main causes include external eye injury, cortical blindness, central retinal artery occlusion, and ischemic optic neuropathy. In scoliosis surgery, this complication potentially arises from prolonged surgical time, high blood loss, prone position, hydroelectrolytic imbalance, and cerebrospinal fluid loss.