Promoting the adsorption of saponins at the hydrophilic solid-aqueous solution interface by the coadsorption with cationic surfactants.

Hypothesis: Saponins are highly surface active glycosides, and are extensively used to stabilise emulsions and foams in beverages, foods, and cosmetics. Derived from a variety of plant species these naturally occurring biosurfactants have wider potential for inclusion in many low carbon and or sustainably sourced products. Although their adsorption at the air-solution and liquid-liquid interfaces has been extensively studied, the nature of their adsorption at solid surfaces is much less clear.

Water at electrode-electrolyte interfaces: combining HOD vibrational spectra with -molecular dynamics simulations.

We have undertaken a vibrational study of the structure of interfacial water and its potential dependence using HO : DO mixtures to explore the O-H and O-D stretching modes of HOD as well as the bending modes of HOD and HO. Due to the symmetry reduction, some of the complexity characteristic of the vibrational spectrum of water is removed in HOD. Coupled with potential-dependent simulations of the gold-water interface, this has enabled a deeper insight into the hydrogen-bond network of interfacial water and into how it is affected by the applied potential.

TP53 mutations in urothelial carcinoma: not all one and the same.

Systemic therapy options for urothelial carcinoma have expanded in recent years, with both immunotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy being widely available. However, we lack biomarkers to select which drug is likely to work best in individual patients. A new article in this journal by Jin, Xu, Su, et al reports that disruptive versus non-disruptive TP53 mutations may guide these personalised therapy choices.