An antigen unmasking protocol that satisfies both immunohistochemistry and subsequent PCR amplification.

Immunohistochemical elucidation of many proteins in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues requires a prior antigen unmasking treatment, which often damages both the morphology and genetic materials, making subsequent assessments difficult or impossible. This study attempted to develop a method that satisfies both immunohistochemical and genetic analyses. Consecutive sections were made from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast and other tissues, and a set of four adjacent sections from each case were treated with (1) routine H & E staining; (2) our unmasking protocol; (3) microwave oven irradiation; (4) pressure cooker incubation.

Percutaneous skeletal joysticks for closed reduction of femoral shaft fractures during intramedullary nailing.

Closed locked intramedullary nailing remains the most common method for treating femoral shaft fractures. At times a closed reduction of these fractures can be difficult. A percutaneous skeletal joystick represents a simple method that can aid in the reduction maneuver.

The quantitative anatomy of the laminas of the spine.

Study Design: This study evaluated the dimensions of the laminas from C2 to L5 using adult spine specimens.

Objectives: To provide a set of quantitative data for the laminas from C2 to L5.

Summary Of Background Data: Anatomic evaluation of the pedicle and facet joint in the spine has been extensively reported.

Is there an advantage to repairing infected mitral valves?

Background: The therapy for native mitral valve endocarditis is in evolution. Antibiotics have significantly improved survival rates, but patients with complications of endocarditis may require surgical treatment.

Methods: Between January 1985 and December 1995, 146 patients underwent surgical therapy (repair or replacement) for native mitral valve endocarditis.