The persistence of low CD4/CD8 ratio in chronic HIV-infection, despite ART suppression and normal CD4 levels, is associated with pre-therapy values of inflammation and thymic function.

Background: Persistence of a low CD4/CD8 ratio is associated with an increased morbimortality in people living with HIV (PLWH) under effective antiretroviral therapy. We aimed to explore the immunological significance of a persistently low CD4/CD8 ratio, even despite normal CD4 levels, and assess whether these features vary from those associated to a low nadir-CD4, another well-established predictor of disease progression.

Methods: CD4-recovered PLWH were classified by CD4/CD8 ratio after three-years of ART (viral suppression, CD4≥500; R < 0.

Acetylation of SAMHD1 at lysine 580 is crucial for blocking HIV-1 infection.

In humans, sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain- and histidine-aspartic acid (HD) domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a dNTPase enzyme that prevents HIV-1 infection in non-cycling cells, such as differentiated THP-1 cells and human primary macrophages. Although phosphorylation of threonine 592 (T592) in SAMHD1 is recognized as the primary regulator of the ability to prevent HIV-1 infection, the contributions of SAMHD1 acetylation to this ability remain unknown. Mass spectrometry analysis of SAMHD1 proteins derived from cycling and non-cycling THP-1 cells, primary cycling B cells, and primary macrophages revealed that SAMHD1 is preferentially acetylated at lysine residues 354, 494, and 580 (K354, K494, and K580).

Higher plasma levels of thymosin-α1 are associated with a lower waning of humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination: an eight months follow-up study in a nursing home.

Background: Older people achieve lower levels of antibody titers than younger populations after Covid-19 vaccination and show a marked waning humoral immunity over time, likely due to the senescence of the immune system. Nevertheless, age-related predictive factors of the waning humoral immune response to the vaccine have been scarcely explored. In a cohort of residents and healthcare workers from a nursing home that had received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, we measured specific anti-S antibodies one (T1), four (T4), and eight (T8) months after receiving the second dose.

Factors associated with the humoral response after three doses of COVID-19 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients.

Introduction: Kidney transplant recipients showed a weak humoral response to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccine despite receiving three cumulative doses of the vaccine. New approaches are still needed to raise protective immunity conferred by the vaccine administration within this group of high-risk patients.

Methods: To analyze the humoral response and identify any predictive factors within these patients, we designed a prospective monocentric longitudinal study of Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) who received three doses of mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine.

Dysregulation of iron metabolism modulators in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients.

Background: Iron metabolism plays an essential role in cellular functions. Since virologically suppressed chronic HIV-infected subjects under effective antiretroviral treatment (ART) exhibit a persistent immune dysfunction that leads to comorbidities, iron homeostasis may be relevant in this context. We aimed to explore iron metabolism in virologically suppressed chronic HIV infected subjects under a successful ART.