Publications by authors named "A Buffo"
Article Synopsis
- Large language models (LLMs) like GPT-J-6B, Llama-3.1-8B, and Mistral-7B can learn chemical properties effectively through fine-tuning without specialized features.
- Fine-tuning these models often outperforms traditional machine learning methods in simple classification tasks, with potential success in more complex problems depending on dataset size and question type.
- The ease of converting datasets for LLM training and the effectiveness of small datasets in generating predictive models suggest that LLMs could significantly streamline experimental processes in chemical research.
Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive tumor, difficult to treat pharmacologically because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is rich in ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and tight junction (TJ) proteins. The BBB is disrupted within GBM bulk, but it is competent in brain-adjacent-to-tumor areas, where eventual GBM foci can trigger tumor relapse. How GBM cells influence the permeability of BBB is poorly investigated.
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- The research explores a new way to visualize nanoparticles in medical imaging using MRI and MRS techniques, specifically focusing on detecting natural proton signals in commonly used nanosystems.
- Three different nanosystems (lipid-based micelles, liposomes, and perfluorocarbon-based nanoemulsions) were created and characterized, with the perfluorocarbon-based nanoemulsion showing the best performance in signal detection.
- This method allows for the detection of nanoparticles without needing additional probes, indicating a significant advancement in non-invasive imaging for diagnostics and treatments in biomedical applications.
Article Synopsis
- Brain size and neural cell diversity depend on how multipotent neural progenitor cells (NPCs) grow and specialize, with mistakes in this process causing hereditary microcephaly (MCPH), which leads to smaller brain sizes and intellectual disabilities.
- Research identified specific genetic variants related to MCPH, but the exact role of CIT protein activity in brain development was unclear, prompting the creation of mouse models for study.
- Findings revealed that while the mouse models didn't mimic human microcephaly, they did show signs of cell damage and abnormalities; human organoids created from the models exhibited loss of structural complexity and issues with cell division, highlighting the importance of CIT functions in human brain development.
Article Synopsis
- - Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) were traditionally believed to be rare and mostly found in specific brain regions, but new findings suggest that parenchymal astrocytes (ASs) also play a role in neurogenesis, especially after brain injuries.
- - A study reconstructed the activation patterns of STR ASs following an excitotoxic lesion in mice, revealing that ASs have widespread neurogenic potential, primarily activated near the injury site alongside various reactive AS subtypes.
- - The research showed that, like in established NSC niches, local ASs undergo regular activation and quickly revert to a quiescent state, with their offspring expanding briefly, which implies that STR ASs have a comparable capacity for neural stem cell activity