AICAR Improves Outcomes of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Induced by High-Fat Diet in C57Bl/6 Male Mice.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of AMP-activated protein kinase activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) on the consequences of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes induced by the consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) in male C57Bl/6 mice. Additionally, the animals from group 6 were administered Methotrexate (MTX) at a dose of 1 mg/kg in parallel with AICAR, which slows down the metabolism of AICAR. The animals were recorded with signs of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus by recording their body weights, glucose and insulin levels, and the calculating HOMA-IRs.

Self-control is linked to interoceptive inference: Craving regulation and the prediction of aversive interoceptive states induced with inspiratory breathing load.

The interoceptive inference framework suggests that our brain continuously anticipates future states of our body and aims to avoid events that might counteract homeostasis by minimizing prediction errors through active inference; e.g. appropriate actions.

GraphVar 2.0: A user-friendly toolbox for machine learning on functional connectivity measures.

Background: We previously presented GraphVar as a user-friendly MATLAB toolbox for comprehensive graph analyses of functional brain connectivity. Here we introduce a comprehensive extension of the toolbox allowing users to seamlessly explore easily customizable decoding models across functional connectivity measures as well as additional features.

New Method: GraphVar 2.

[The analysis of association between type 2 diabetes and polymorphic markers in the CDKAL1 gene and in the HHEX/IDE locus].

The increase in diabetes was noted at the turn of the 21st century. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) make up the majority of patients. Diabetes is a multifactorial disease.

[Association of the polymorphisms of the FTO, KCNJ11, SLC30A8 and CDKN2B genes with type 2 diabetes].

To study the association with diabetes mellitus type 2 we performed anal- ysis of the distribution of frequencies of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic markers of FTO, KCNJ11, SIC30A8 and CDKN2B genes. The study included groups of T2DM patients and unrelated controls of Russian origin. Analysis of the distribution of frequencies of alleles and genotypes of the polymorphic markers of KCNJ11, SLC30A8 and CDKN2B genes showed the presence of association with T2DM in Russian population, while for the FTO gene was not found statistically significant associations with type 2 diabetes.