Delays in time to treatment and survival impact in breast cancer.

Background: Time interval from diagnosis of breast cancer to treatment has been promulgated as one factor that can be used to evaluate cancer care quality. It remains controversial, however, whether a delay to treatment impacts survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether delays from diagnosis to initial treatment in breast cancer impacts survival.

Mucor circinelloides as a cause of invasive maxillofacial zygomycosis: an emerging dimorphic pathogen with reduced susceptibility to posaconazole.

A case of maxillofacial zygomycosis caused by Mucor circinelloides, identified by phenotypic and molecular methods and treated successfully with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) and surgical debridement, is described. The isolate was resistant to posaconazole. This report underscores the importance of prior susceptibility testing of zygomycetes to guide therapy with the most effective antifungal agent for an improved prognosis.

Putative targets of CNS melanocortin receptor activity.

Chronic antagonism of hypothalamic melanocortin receptors, primarily melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), is the molecular basis for "agouti obesity syndrome," whereas suppression of MC4R gene activity due to genetic mutations induces obesity in both rodents and humans. However, little is known about the neurocircuitry of MC4R-mediated control of energy balance, the regulation of MC4R gene expression, or how suppression of MC4R activity leads to differential expression of potential downstream central nervous system (CNS) targets or effectors of melanocortin signaling. This paper focuses on strategies for mapping CNS melanocortin circuits using transgenic mouse models for conditional expression of MC4R and MC3R as well as progress in characterizing the murine MC4R promoter.

[An unusual tumor of the oral cavity in a fetus and prenatal ultrasonography--case report].

Objective: The tumours and pseudotumours of the foetal face are very rare diseases. Basic method for their prenatal diagnosis is ultrasound. The authors describe the case of diagnosed orofacial pseudotumour--sublingual cyst.

[The basal cell nevus syndrome. Case report of a 14-year-old girl].

"Basal cell naevus syndrome" (Gorlin's syndrome) is a sporadic autosomal dominant hereditary precancerous condition which affects several organ systems. The dominating clinical manifestations are multiple basal cell naevi which develop into malignant basocellular carcinoma. Further abnormalities include abnormalities of the vertebrae and ribs, odontogenic keratocysts, calcification of the falx cerebri, a special facial appearance with progeny and macrocephaly.