Collaborative permeation of drug and excipients in transdermal formulations. In vitro scrutiny for ethanol:limonene combinations.

Enhancement of skin permeation of drugs is affected by the simultaneous co-permeation of excipients that hinder the predictivity of in vitro tests. The collaborative effects of two permeation enhancers (ethanol and d-limonene) of a lipophilic drug (alprazolam) have been simultaneously assessed in human skin under different in vitro conditions: integrated setups of diffusion cell experiments with selective concentration gradients of permeants (asymmetric) or without (symmetric) have been combined with coadministration dosages (all-in-one) at different concentrations or short-time skin pretreatment to scrutiny this mutual performance. Findings: Drug permeation is increased under moderated supersaturation but reaches a stationary level above 33 % of its solubility.

Simulated Y-site compatibility of atosiban acetate with selected intravenous drugs.

Objective: The physical compatibility of atosiban and selected drugs during simulated Y-site administration was evaluated. We also searched for any compatibility predictions regarding its physicochemical properties.

Study Design: Test admixtures were prepared by mixing 5 mL of each study drug solution with 5 mL of atosiban solution in a 1:1 ratio to simulate Y-site infusion.

Swine as the Animal Model for Testing New Formulations of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Carprofen Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of the Intramuscular Route.

Carprofen (CP) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) frequently used to treat respiratory diseases in numerous small animals, but also in large species. CP is a formidable candidate for further therapeutic research of human inflammatory diseases using the pig as an animal model. However, CP administration in swine is very uncommon and respective pharmacokinetics/bioavailability studies are scarce.

In vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation of carprofen delivery from intra-articular nanoparticles in rabbits: A population modelling approach.

Osteoarthritis is treated with COX or fosfolipase A2 inhibitors such as carprofen, a propionic acid NSAID. The enhancement of its action over the articular cartilage is mandatory to facilitate its therapeutic application. Drug uptake into the cartilage requires high synovial fluid concentrations, anticipating its rapid distribution towards bloodstream.

Biopharmaceutic study and efficacy of natural and derivatives flavanones formulations.

The development and characterization of nanostructured flavanone formulations (FF) of extracted from and , , and derivatives by structural modification of as anti-inflammatory candidates for topical treatment of local inflammation. The FF were physicochemical characterized and the behavior release, permeation and, anti-inflammatory efficacy in the rat model were studied. The FF revealed sustained drug release and showed slow drug penetration in human skin.