Stannous fluoride protects gingival keratinocytes against infection and oxidative stress by outer membrane vesicles.

Objective: To determine whether outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of the periodontal pathogen () can infect gingival keratinocytes and stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and to assess whether stannous fluoride (SnF), stannous chloride (SnCl) or 0.454% SnF toothpaste diluents can inhibit OMV infection.

Methods: OMVs were isolated from culture and their morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

The Effect of Oral Care Product Ingredients on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Transcriptomics Through RNA-Seq.

Various ingredients are utilized to inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria associated with cavities, gum disease, and bad breath. However, the precise mechanisms by which these ingredients affect the oral microbiome have not been fully understood at the molecular level. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, a high-throughput bacterial transcriptomics study was conducted, and the gene expression profiles of six common oral bacteria, including two Gram-positive bacteria (, ) and four Gram-negative bacteria (, , , and ), were analyzed.

Randomized Controlled Trials Assessing Exposure Frequency Effects of Stannous Fluoride on Gingivitis.

Objective: To evaluate the exposure frequency effect of 0.454% stannous fluoride (SnF) toothpaste in controlling gingivitis.

Methods: Two randomized controlled trials enrolled generally healthy adults with gingivitis.

Stannous fluoride forms aggregates between outer and inner membranes leading to membrane rupture of and .

Objective: Stannous has been shown to bind to free lipopolysaccharides, thus preventing them from binding to TLR receptors. This study was undertaken to determine the histomorphological mechanism of stannous binding to anaerobic bacteria.

Methods: Two bacteria associated with gingivitis and advanced periodontal disease, () and , were cultured in 25-1,000 μM of stannous fluoride and stannous chloride for 48 h.

Relationship between 1-, 3-, and 6-Month Gingival Bleeding Outcomes.

Introduction: Results from systematic reviews and meta-analyses show generally consistent antigingivitis effects between 3- and 6-mo observation time points with twice-daily use of stannous fluoride (SnF) dentifrice. However, the relationship between 1-, 3-, and 6-mo gingivitis responses has not been investigated.

Methods: This pooled analysis was conducted to understand the relationship of 1-, 3-, and 6-mo gingival bleeding outcomes.