Cardiometabolic risk factor clustering in patients with deficient branched-chain amino acid catabolism: A case-control study.

Classical organic acidemias (OAs) result from defective mitochondrial catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Abnormal mitochondrial function relates to oxidative stress, ectopic lipids and insulin resistance (IR). We investigated whether genetically impaired function of mitochondrial BCAA catabolism associates with cardiometabolic risk factors, altered liver and muscle energy metabolism, and IR.

Athletes feature greater rates of muscle glucose transport and glycogen synthesis during lipid infusion.

BACKGROUNDInsulin resistance results from impaired skeletal muscle glucose transport/phosphorylation, linked to augmented lipid availability. Despite greater intramuscular lipids, athletes are highly insulin sensitive, which could result from higher rates of insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis or glucose transport/phosphorylation and oxidation. Thus, we examined the time course of muscle glycogen and glucose-6-phosphate concentrations during low and high systemic lipid availability.

H-MRS of femoral red and yellow bone marrow fat composition and water content in healthy young men and women at 3 T.

Objectives: There is a discrepancy between studies suggesting that higher bone marrow fat saturation is associated with impaired health, and studies suggesting that erythropoiesis increases red bone marrow (RBM) fat saturation in young healthy individuals. Here, we seeked to elucidate these discrepancies by using long TE magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to study both yellow bone marrow (YBM) and RBM in the femur of healthy volunteers.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three young healthy volunteers (17 females), age range 20-31 years, underwent long TE H MRS at 3.

An 8-week diet high in cereal fiber and coffee but free of red meat does not improve beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Higher dietary intake of fibers and coffee, but lower red meat intake is associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes in epidemiological studies. We hypothesized that a calorie-restricted diet, which is high in fiber and coffee, but free of red meat, improves beta-cell function in patients with T2D.

Methods: In a randomized parallel-group pilot trial, obese type 2 diabetes patients were randomly allocated to consume either a diet high in cereal fiber and coffee, but free of red meat ( = 17) (L-RISK) or a diet low in fiber, free of coffee but high in red meat ( = 20) (H-RISK) for 8 weeks.

Meal-derived glucagon responses are related to lower hepatic phosphate concentrations in obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Aim: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) alters glucagon, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and hepatic energy metabolism, yet the possible relationships remain unclear.

Methods: In this observational study, lean insulin-sensitive control subjects (BMI: 23.2±1.