Myhre syndrome in adulthood: clinical variability and emerging genotype-phenotype correlations.

Myhre syndrome (MS, MIM 139210) is a rare multisystemic disorder caused by recurrent pathogenic missense variants in SMAD4. The clinical features have been mainly documented in childhood and comprise variable neurocognitive development, recognizable craniofacial features, a short stature with a pseudo-muscular build, hearing loss, thickened skin, joint limitations, diverse cardiovascular and airway manifestations, and increased fibrosis often following trauma or surgery. In contrast, adults with MS are underreported obscuring potential clinical variability.

ATP7A-related copper transport disorders: A systematic review and definition of the clinical subtypes.

In patients with ATP7A-related disorders, counseling is challenging due to clinical overlap between the entities, the absence of predictive biomarkers and a clear genotype-phenotype correlation. We performed a systematic literature review by querying the MEDLINE and Embase databases identifying 143 relevant papers. We recorded data on the phenotype and genotype in 162 individuals with a molecularly confirmed ATP7A-related disorder in order to identify differentiating clinical criteria, evaluate genotype-phenotype correlations and propose management guidelines.