Vaccine-induced T cell responses control Orthoflavivirus challenge infection without neutralizing antibodies in humans.

T cells have been identified as correlates of protection in viral infections. However, the level of vaccine-induced T cells needed and the extent to which they alone can control acute viral infection in humans remain uncertain. Here we conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving vaccination and challenge in 33 adult human volunteers, using the live-attenuated yellow fever (YF17D) and chimeric Japanese encephalitis-YF17D (JE/YF17D) vaccines.

A rapid method to assess the multi-functionality of adoptively transferred engineered TCR T cells.

Introduction: The clinical efficacy of chimeric antigen and T cell receptor (TCR) T cell immunotherapies is attributed to their ability to proliferate and persist . Since the interaction of the engineered T cells with the targeted tumour or its environment might suppress their function, their functionality should be characterized not only before but also after adoptive transfer.

Materials And Methods: We sought to achieve this by adapting a recently developed Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) rapid whole blood T cell assay to stimulate engineered TCR T cells in small volumes of whole blood (<1 ml) without cellular purification.