Medial Meniscotibial Ligament Deficiency Increases Medial Meniscus Extrusion and Posterior Root Forces.

Background: There is growing evidence that medial meniscotibial ligament (MTL) deficiency and medial meniscus extrusion may precede the development of some medial meniscus posterior root (MMPR) tears. However, no study has investigated the biomechanical consequences of MTL deficiency on the MMPR.

Hypothesis: (1) MTL deficiency leads to increased medial meniscus extrusion, (2) increased medial meniscus extrusion is correlated with increased compression and shear forces at the MMPR, and (3) MTL repair restores medial meniscus extrusion and MMPR forces to native levels.

Gut Microbiome Alterations Following Oral Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin Administration in the Management of Dysbiosis.

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation. Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin (SBI) is used to manage IBS and IBD and has shown prebiotic-like effects in ex vivo models. Re-establishing a healthy gut microbiome with novel treatments like SBI could help treat the underlying causes of these diseases leading to higher and sustained patient response.

Dialogue mechanisms between astrocytic and neuronal networks: A whole-brain modelling approach.

Astrocytes critically shape whole-brain structure and function by forming extensive gap junctional networks that intimately and actively interact with neurons. Despite their importance, existing computational models of whole-brain activity ignore the roles of astrocytes while primarily focusing on neurons. Addressing this oversight, we introduce a biophysical neural mass network model, designed to capture the dynamic interplay between astrocytes and neurons via glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission pathways.

Menstrual Disorders in Adolescence: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges.

: Adolescence is the period of life between the ages of 10 and 19. This period is essentially dominated by puberty. The first menstruation, called menarche, occurs, on average, at the age of 12-13.

Contemporary Survival Selection Fails to Explain Observed Patterns of Phenotypic Divergence Between Suburban and Forest Populations of the Cuban Endemic Lizard, .

Although urbanization is a major threat to biodiversity, some native species have managed to persist in urban areas. Populations of such species often show phenotypic differences with their rural counterparts. A crucial question is whether such differences result from different selection regimes between habitats.