Chrono-Endocrinology in Clinical Practice: A Journey from Pathophysiological to Therapeutic Aspects.

This review was aimed at collecting the knowledge on the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of endocrine rhythms and their implications in clinical practice, derived from the published literature and from some personal experiences on this topic. We chose to review, according to the PRISMA guidelines, the results of original and observational studies, reviews, meta-analyses and case reports published up to March 2024. Thus, after summarizing the general aspects of biological rhythms, we will describe the characteristics of several endocrine rhythms and the consequences of their disruption, paying particular attention to the implications in clinical practice.

Neuroimmunoendocrinology of SARS-CoV 2 Infection.

This review is aimed at illustrating and discussing the neuroimmune endocrinological aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in light of the studies on this topic that have so far appeared in the literature. The most characteristic findings and pending controversies were derived by PubMed and Scopus databases. We included original and observational studies, reviews, meta-analysis, and case reports.

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Autoimmunity and Related Impairment of Hormone Secretions in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Context: Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe chronic illness that reduces the quality of life. A potential role of neuroendocrine autoimmune dysfunction has been hypothesized.

Objective: This work aims to investigate the occurrence of antipituitary (APA) and antihypothalamic (AHA) antibodies and possible related hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunctions in ME/CSF patients.

Chronothyroidology: Chronobiological Aspects in Thyroid Function and Diseases.

Chronobiology is the scientific discipline which considers biological phenomena in relation to time, which assumes itself biological identity. Many physiological processes are cyclically regulated by intrinsic clocks and many pathological events show a circadian time-related occurrence. Even the pituitary-thyroid axis is under the control of a central clock, and the hormones of the pituitary-thyroid axis exhibit circadian, ultradian and circannual rhythmicity.

Remission of Pituitary Autoimmunity Induced by Gluten-Free Diet in Patients With Celiac Disease.

Context: An improvement of some autoimmune diseases associated with celiac disease (CD) has been observed after a gluten-free diet (GFD).

Objective: The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the effect of a GFD on autoimmune pituitary impairment in patients with CD and potential/subclinical lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH).

Design: Five-year longitudinal observational study.