Chronotype and lifestyle in the transition to adulthood: Exploring the role of sleep health and circadian misalignment.

Objectives: The present study aimed at exploring the association between eveningness and lifestyle-related variables, that is, body mass index, alcohol, and cigarette consumption, in adults (18-40years), focusing on the possible moderator effect of age and the role of sleep disturbances and circadian misalignment (social jetlag).

Methods: A web-based survey was administered to 437 participants, covering demographics, lifestyle-related variables, chronotype, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness. A subset of 206 participants wore a wrist actigraph for a week, allowing the creation of a sleep health index within the RU-SATED framework.

Occlusal effects on text reading: an eye-tracker study.

Introduction: Asymmetric electromyographic (EMG) activity during teeth clenching has been linked to cognitive impairment, as evaluated by the Spinnler-Tognoni matrices test, and to asymmetric pupil size (anisocoria). Anisocoria indicates an asymmetric Locus Coeruleus activity, leading to an asymmetric hemispheric excitability worsening cognitive performance. Bite splint wearing corrects EMG asymmetry, reduces anisocoria and improves cognitive performance.

Congestion Transition on Random Walks on Graphs.

The formation of congestion on an urban road network is a key issue for the development of sustainable mobility in future smart cities. In this work, we propose a reductionist approach by studying the stationary states of a simple transport model using a random process on a graph, where each node represents a location and the link weights give the transition rates to move from one node to another, representing the mobility demand. Each node has a maximum flow rate and a maximum load capacity, and we assume that the average incoming flow equals the outgoing flow.

Analysis of double-resonance crossing in adiabatic trapping phenomena for quasi-integrable area-preserving maps with time-dependent exciters.

In this paper we analyze the adiabatic crossing of a resonance for Hamiltonian systems when a double-resonance condition is satisfied by the linear frequency at an elliptic fixed point. We discuss in detail the phase-space structure on a class of Hamiltonians and area-preserving maps with an elliptic fixed point in the presence of a time-dependent exciter. Various regimes have been identified and carefully studied.

Spontaneous breathing trial with pressure support on positive end-expiratory pressure and extensive use of non-invasive ventilation versus T-piece in difficult-to-wean patients from mechanical ventilation: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The aim of this study is to assess whether a strategy combining spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) with both pressure support (PS) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and extended use of post-extubation non-invasive ventilation (NIV) (extensively-assisted weaning) would shorten the time until successful extubation as compared with SBT with T-piece (TP) and post-extubation NIV performed in selected patients as advocated by guidelines (standard weaning), in difficult-to-wean patients from mechanical ventilation.

Methods: The study is a single-center prospective open label, randomized controlled superiority trial with two parallel groups and balanced randomization with a 1:1 ratio. Eligible patients were intubated patients mechanically ventilated for more than 24 h who failed their first SBT using TP.