J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis
June 2023
We apply the Lie algebraic method to reflecting optical systems with plane-symmetric freeform mirrors. Using analytical ray-tracing equations, we construct an optical map. The expansion of this map gives us the aberration coefficients in terms of initial ray coordinates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis
September 2022
We give a brief introduction to Hamiltonian optics and Lie algebraic methods. We use these methods to describe the operators governing light propagation, refraction, and reflection in phase space. The method offers a systematic way to find aberration coefficients of any order for arbitrary rotationally symmetric optical systems.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith regard to the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the required investigation of the whole water sample including suspended particulate matter (SPM), a storage stability study was conducted to determine the suitable storage time and conditions of 21 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) spiked in water samples and pre-concentrated on solid-phase extraction disks (SPE disks). Furthermore, this work demonstrates the behaviour of three different certified sediment reference materials (CRMs) contaminated with OCPs in water samples as well as loaded on SPE disks under different temperature conditions and storage time periods. Extracts collected on SPE disks were stored for 3, 14 and 30 days at both 4 °C and -18 °C in darkness covered in (a) freezer bags and (b) aluminum foil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCircadian rhythm sleep disorders are characterized by complaints of insomnia and excessive sleepiness that are primarily due to alterations in the internal circadian timing system or a misalignment between the timing of sleep and the 24-h social and physical environment. In addition to physiological and environmental factors, maladaptive behaviors often play an important role in the development of many of the circadian rhythm sleep disorders. This review will focus on the clinical approach to the diagnosis and management of the various circadian rhythm sleep disorders, including delayed sleep phase disorder, advanced sleep phase disorder, non-entrained type, irregular sleep-wake rhythm, shift work sleep disorder and jet lag disorder.
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