Phylogenetic analysis of the trypanosomatid parasite in honey bees () in Poland.

Introduction: () is a single-celled flagellate which colonises the bee gastrointestinal tract and is highly prevalent in honey bees. This parasite is associated with colony losses. Honey bee () colonies were sampled from five apiaries in the north-eastern part of Poland for the phylogenetic analysis of .

Isolation, characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Yersinia enterocolitica from Polish cattle and their carcasses.

Background: Yersinia enterocolitica is a heterogeneous bacterial species that has been divided into six biotypes and more than 70 serotypes. Each year, the European Food Safety Authority classifies yersiniosis caused by Y. enterocolitica as one of the most important zoonotic diseases.

Assessment of the Role of Free-Living and Farmed Fallow Deer () as A Potential Source of Human Infection with Multiple-Drug-Resistant Strains of and .

and are Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria that cause yersiniosis-one of the most important zoonotic diseases of the digestive tract. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of potentially human-pathogenic and strains in free-living and farmed fallow deer, and to evaluate their sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. A total of 372 rectal swabs were analyzed, including 262 from free-living and 110 from farmed fallow deer.