Predictors of successful genotype-guided antiretroviral therapy in treatment-experienced individuals over calendar years: a cohort study.

Background: The continuous development of new drugs for use in triple-drug combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has dramatically decreased morbidity and mortality in HIV-1 infected individuals. However, increasing drug resistance could be associated with a poor outcome.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of resistance genotype-guided antiretroviral regimens in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-failing patients over calendar years and its predictors.

Pharmacokinetic variability of antiretroviral drugs and correlation with virological outcome: 2 years of experience in routine clinical practice.

Objectives: To assess the inter-individual and intra-individual plasma concentration variabilities of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and protease inhibitors (PIs) in routine clinical practice and to investigate their relationships with virological failure.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled HIV-infected patients undergoing therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of NNRTIs and PIs during routine outpatient visits. Plasma drug concentrations were measured by HPLC-UV and were considered therapeutic if above the proposed minimum efficacy trough concentration.

Atazanavir and lopinavir with ritonavir alone or in combination: analysis of pharmacokinetic interaction and predictors of drug exposure.

Objectives: Studies on the pharmacokinetic interaction between atazanavir and lopinavir with ritonavir (lopinavir/ritonavir) report contradictory results. We aimed to establish the in vivo interaction between these two protease inhibitors as well as the variables influencing drug exposure.

Methods: Pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated in HIV-infected patients treated with atazanavir 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg q24h (group A) or lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg q12h (group B) or atazanavir 300 mg q24h with lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg q12h (group C).

Genotypic resistance profile and clinical progression of treatment-experienced HIV type 1-infected patients with virological failure.

We explored the relationship between HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment-experienced patients and disease progression in a cohort of patients undergoing resistance testing to guide treatment decisions. A total of 601 treatment-failing individuals tested for genotypic HIV-1 drug resistance between 1998 and 2004 were selected. At genotypic testing, median HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4 counts were 3.

Declining prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment-failing patients: a clinical cohort study.

Objectives: A major barrier to successful viral suppression in HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals is the emergence of virus resistant to antiretroviral drugs. We explored the evolution of genotypic drug resistance prevalence in treatment-failing patients from 1999 to 2005 in a clinical cohort.

Patients And Methods: Prevalence of major International AIDS Society-USA HIV-1 drug resistance mutations was measured over calendar years in a population with treatment failure and undergoing resistance testing.