Excitation functions for Bi reactions induced by threshold to 50 MeV energy alpha particles.

Excitation functions for Bi(α,2n)At, Bi(α,3n)At and Bi(α,4n)At reactions were calculated using TALYS-1.95 nuclear code from threshold to 50 MeV by invoking suitable options for level densities, nucleon-nucleus optical model potentials and alpha optical model potentials. Statistical factors were used to verify the quality of matching between theoretical model calculations and the experimental data from the EXFOR database.

The flux weighted cross sections of Hf(γ,γ')Hf and Hf(γ,x)Hf reactions at 8 MeV and 15 MeV bremsstrahlung end point energies.

For the hafnium element, the cross sections of Hf(γ,γ')Hf and Hf(γ,x)Hf reactions were measured at 8 MeV and 15 MeV bremsstrahlung end point energies respectively using activation method and off-line gamma-ray spectroscopy. The bremsstrahlung radiation spectra were generated by bombarding a 0.1 mm tungsten target with 8 MeV and 15 MeV electrons at 5 μA beam current and also theoretically simulated by GEANT4 computer code.