Publications by authors named "A B Leithead"
Article Synopsis
- Dry deposition plays a significant role in removing reactive organic carbon from the atmosphere, impacting airborne chemical reactions and transferring this carbon to other environmental systems.
- Using aircraft measurements, researchers found that oil operations can lead to high deposition rates of organic carbon, reaching up to 100 tons per hour, with rapid lifetimes of about 4 hours that can compete with oxidation processes.
- Traditional models for gas-phase deposition may not capture all deposited organic carbon, indicating a need to consider these deposition processes in assessing the effects on freshwater ecosystems, as they contribute significantly to the overall carbon balance compared to terrestrial sources.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) causes severe respiratory infections and concomitant disease resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in infants, elderly, and immunocompromised adults. Vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and small-molecule antivirals are now either available or in development to prevent and treat RSV infections. Although rodent and non-rodent preclinical animal models have been used to evaluate these emerging agents, there is still a need to improve our understanding of the pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) relationships within and between animal models to enable better design of human challenge studies and clinical trials.
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- The study focuses on developing new sulfone analogues of known metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors (MBLis) and their antibacterial effectiveness.
- The new compounds showed greater effectiveness in killing gram-negative bacteria when paired with antibiotics imipenem and relebactam.
- Improved antibacterial activity is linked to stronger enzyme-inhibitor interactions and decreased bacterial cell efflux, as shown by experiments with different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Article Synopsis
- A multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterium is causing serious infections and poses a growing health threat, making new treatment options essential.
- Researchers are focusing on inhibiting the MsbA transporter, which is crucial for the bacterium's survival.
- They optimized a compound known as cerastecin D, which showed promising antibacterial activity and effectiveness in mouse models for treating infections.
Herpesvirus infections are ubiquitous, with over 95% of the adult population infected by at least one strain. While most of these infections resolve without treatment in healthy individuals, they can cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised, stem cell, or organ transplant patients. Current nucleoside standards of care provide meaningful benefit but are limited due to poor tolerability, resistance, and generally narrow spectrum of activity.
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