Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated With Intravenous Access First Attempt and Overall Success in Hospitalised Medical-Surgical Adults.

Aims: To determine patient and nursing factors associated with peripheral intravenous access success among hospitalised adults on medical-surgical units.

Design: A prospective, cross-sectional, correlational design was guided by STROBE.

Methods: Within a quaternary care hospital with multiple medical-surgical units, nurses who attempted intravenous access completed case report forms and medical records were reviewed to record 38 factors associated with intravenous access success.

Human Anti-Glycan Reactivity is Driven by the Selection of B cells Utilizing Private Antibody Gene Rearrangements that are Affinity Maturated in Germinal Centers.

The human antibody repertoire is broadly reactive with carbohydrate antigens represented in the universe of all living things, including both the host/self- as well as the commensal microflora-derived glycomes. Here we have used BCR receptor cloning and expression together with single-cell transcriptomics to analyze the B cell repertoire to the ubiquitous N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) epitope in human cohorts and dissect the immune phylogeny of this predominant class of antibodies. We find that circulating anti-GlcNAc B cells exhibiting canonical BMem phenotypes emerge rapidly after birth and couple this observation with evidence for germinal center-dependent affinity maturation of carbohydrate-specific B cell receptors during early childhood.

Testing and Evaluation of Health Care Applications of Large Language Models: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Large language models (LLMs) can assist in various health care activities, but current evaluation approaches may not adequately identify the most useful application areas.

Objective: To summarize existing evaluations of LLMs in health care in terms of 5 components: (1) evaluation data type, (2) health care task, (3) natural language processing (NLP) and natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, (4) dimension of evaluation, and (5) medical specialty.

Data Sources: A systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science was performed for studies published between January 1, 2022, and February 19, 2024.

Rapid Production of Native and Mirror-Image Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Enabled by Automated Flow Peptide Synthesis Technology.

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a central role in immune response regulation. Because elevated TNF-α production is correlated with a range of diseases, inhibiting the interaction of this protein with its native receptors has been thoroughly explored as a therapeutic avenue. Despite advancements in the development of TNF-α inhibitors, concerns remain regarding immunogenicity and loss of activity in vivo.