An atlas of Brachypodium distachyon lateral root development.

The root system of plants is a vital part for successful development and adaptation to different soil types and environments. A major determinant of the shape of a plant root system is the formation of lateral roots, allowing for expansion of the root system. Arabidopsis thaliana, with its simple root anatomy, has been extensively studied to reveal the genetic program underlying root branching.

Structural insight into halide-coordinated [FeSXY] clusters (X, Y = Cl, Br, I) by XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy.

Iron sulphur halide clusters [FeSBr] and [FeSXY] (X, Y = Cl, Br, I) were obtained in excellent yields (77 to 78%) and purity from [Fe(CO)], elemental sulphur, I and benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA) iodide, bromide and chloride. Single crystals of (BTMA)[FeSBr] (1), (BTMA)[FeSBrCl] (2), (BTMA)[FeSClI] (3), and (BTMA)[FeSBrI] (4) were isostructural to the previously reported (BTMA)[FeSI] (5) (monoclinic, ). Instead of the chloride cubane cluster [FeSCl], we found the prismane-shaped cluster (BTMA)[FeSCl] (6) (1̄).

The UFM1 Pathway Impacts HCMV US2-Mediated Degradation of HLA Class I.

To prevent accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, chaperones perform quality control on newly translated proteins and redirect misfolded proteins to the cytosol for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This pathway is called ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD). The human cytomegalovirus protein US2 induces accelerated ERAD of HLA class I molecules to prevent immune recognition of infected cells by CD8 T cells.

A SOSEKI-based coordinate system interprets global polarity cues in Arabidopsis.

Multicellular development requires coordinated cell polarization relative to body axes, and translation to oriented cell division. In plants, it is unknown how cell polarities are connected to organismal axes and translated to division. Here, we identify Arabidopsis SOSEKI proteins that integrate apical-basal and radial organismal axes to localize to polar cell edges.

Broad spectrum developmental role of Brachypodium AUX1.

Targeted cellular auxin distribution is required for morphogenesis and adaptive responses of plant organs. In Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), this involves the prototypical auxin influx facilitator AUX1 and its LIKE-AUX1 (LAX) homologs, which act partially redundantly in various developmental processes. Interestingly, AUX1 and its homologs are not strictly essential for the Arabidopsis life cycle.