Evaluation of hydrazone and -acylhydrazone derivatives of vitamin B6 and pyridine-4-carbaldehyde as potential drugs against Alzheimer's disease.

The growing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease calls for a drug that can simultaneously act towards several targets involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. In our study, we evaluated the potential of hydrazone and -acylhydrazone derivatives of vitamin B6 and pyridine-4-carbaldehyde to be used as multi-target directed ligands targeting cholinergic system by inhibiting acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase, lowering the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques by inhibiting both the β-secretase activity and amyloid self-aggregation, and maintaining the biometal balance by chelating certain biometals. Our results showed that all of the tested hydrazones were potent inhibitors of human cholinesterases with inhibition constants (i) in micromolar range able to lower the activity of β-secretase, inhibit amyloid aggregation, chelate biometals and act as antioxidants.

Derivatives of Amodiaquine as Potent Human Cholinesterases Inhibitors: Implication for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

As some previously reported studies have proven that amodiaquine, in addition to its primary antimalarial activity, also has potential for new applications such as the inhibition of cholinesterases, in our study we focused on the evaluation of the influence of different substituents in the aminoquinoline part of the amodiaquine structure on the inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase to investigate the possibility for their use as drugs for the treatment of AD. We synthesized a series of amodiaquine derivatives bearing H-, F-, CF-, NO-, CN-, COH- or CHO- groups on the aminoquinoline ring, and determined that all of the tested derivatives were very potent inhibitors of both cholinesterases, with inhibition constants () in the nM and low μM range and with prominent selectivity (up to 300 times) for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. All compounds displayed an ability to chelate biometal ions Fe, Zn and Cu and an antioxidant power comparable to that of standard antioxidants.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel aminoquinolines with an n-octyl linker: Impact of halogen substituents on C(7) or a terminal amino group on anticholinesterase and BACE1 activity.

Alzheimer's disease is age-related multifactorial neurodegenerative disease manifested by gradual loss of memory, cognitive decline and changes in personality. Due to rapid and continuous growth of its prevalence, the treatment of Alzheimer's disease calls for development of new and efficacies drugs, especially those that could be able to simultaneously act on more than one of possible targets of action. Aminoquinolines have proven to be a highly promising structural scaffold in the design of such a drug as cholinesterases and β-secretase 1 inhibitors.

Self-Stacked 1T-1H Layers in 6R-NbSeTe and the Emergence of Charge and Magnetic Correlations Due to Ligand Disorder.

The emergence of correlated phenomena arising from the combination of 1T and 1H van der Waals layers is the focus of intense research. Here, we synthesize a self-stacked 6R phase in NbSeTe, showing perfect alternating 1T and 1H layers that grow coherently along the c-direction, as revealed by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy shows a mixed contribution of the trigonal and octahedral Nb bands to the Fermi level.

Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infects Peripheral and Spinal Nerves and Induces Chemokine-Mediated Neuropathy.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) primarily infects the respiratory epithelium, but growing evidence suggests that it may also be responsible for neurologic sequelae. In 3-dimensional microphysiologic peripheral nerve cultures, RSV infected neurons, macrophages, and dendritic cells along 2 distinct trajectories depending on the initial viral load. Low-level infection was transient, primarily involved macrophages, and induced moderate chemokine release with transient neural hypersensitivity.