Continuous expression of TOX safeguards exhausted CD8 T cell epigenetic fate.

Although checkpoint blockade temporarily improves exhausted CD8 T (T) cell function, the underlying T epigenetic landscape remains largely unchanged, preventing durable T "reinvigoration" in cancer and chronic infections. The transcription factor TOX initiates T epigenetic programming, yet it remains unclear whether TOX continually preserves T biology after T establishment. Here, we demonstrated that induced TOX ablation in committed T cells resulted in apoptotic-driven loss of T cells, reduced expression of inhibitory receptors, and decreased terminal differentiation.

The Influence of Alkaline Earth Metal Cations on the Performance of Platinum Electrodes during Brine Electrolysis.

The performance of platinum electrodes towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) during pH neutral brine electrolysis was investigated in the presence of alkaline earth metal divalent cations, with focus on Mg2+ ions. This study aimed to understand the impact of these cations and/or their hydroxide deposits on electrode performance. Electrochemical measurements were conducted in electrolytes with varying Mg2+ concentrations (0 mM to 55 mM) in 1 M Na2SO4 solution.

Nuclear Recoil Calibration at Sub-keV Energies in LUX and Its Impact on Dark Matter Search Sensitivity.

Dual-phase xenon time projection chamber (TPC) detectors offer heightened sensitivities for dark matter detection across a spectrum of particle masses. To broaden their capability to low-mass dark matter interactions, we investigated the light and charge responses of liquid xenon (LXe) to sub-keV nuclear recoils. Using neutron events from a pulsed Adelphi Deuterium-Deuterium neutron generator, an in situ calibration was conducted on the LUX detector.

Updates to HIV transmission rate estimates along the HIV care continuum in the United States, 2019.

Background: In 2019, there were an estimated 1.2 million persons with HIV (PWH) and 35,100 new infections in the United States. The HIV care continuum has a large influence on transmission dynamics.

Longitudinal Assessment of Sexual Behavior and Relationship Quality During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Britain: Findings from a Longitudinal Population Survey (Natsal-COVID).

While the impact of social restrictions on sexual and romantic life early in the COVID-19 pandemic has been widely studied, little is known about impacts beyond the initial months. We analyzed responses from 2,098 British adults (aged 18-59) taking part in the Natsal-COVID study (Waves 1 and 2). Participants were recruited via a web panel and surveyed twice: four months and one year after the start of the UK's first national lockdown (July 2020 and March 2021).