Hydrocarbons removal from real marine sediments: Analysis of degradation pathways and microbial community development during bioslurry treatment.

In this study, real marine sediments polluted by petroleum compounds were treated by means of a bioslurry pilot scale reactor. The treatment performance was evaluated by measuring the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), coupled to further analyses required to understand the mechanisms involved in the biodegradation process. The maximum TPH-removal efficiency reached 86 % at the end of experiments.

Preliminary insights about the treatment of contaminated marine sediments by means of bioslurry reactor: Process evaluation and microbiological characterization.

Contaminated marine sediments represent a critical threat towards human health and ecosystems, since they constitute a potential reservoir of toxic compounds release. In the present study, a bioslurry reactor was studied for the treatment of real marine sediments contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons. The experimental campaign was divided in two periods: in the first period, microcosm trials were carried out to achieve useful indicators for biological hydrocarbon removal from sediments.

Dural Stimulation and Periorbital von Frey Testing in Mice As a Preclinical Model of Headache.

The cranial meninges, comprised of the dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater, are thought to primarily serve structural functions for the nervous system. For example, they protect the brain from the skull and anchor/organize the vascular and neuronal supply of the cortex. However, the meninges are also implicated in nervous system disorders such as migraine, where the pain experienced during a migraine is attributed to local sterile inflammation and subsequent activation of local nociceptive afferents.

Interleukin-6 induces spatially dependent whole-body hypersensitivity in rats: implications for extracephalic hypersensitivity in migraine.

Background: Migraine is a complex neurological disorder that is characterized by throbbing head pain, increased sensitivity to light, sound, and touch, as well as nausea and fatigue. It is one of the most common and most disabling disorders globally but mechanisms causing migraine are poorly understood. While head pain is a typical feature of attacks, they also often present with cutaneous hypersensitivity in the rest of the body.

Sensory Neurons, Neuroimmunity, and Pain Modulation by Sex Hormones.

The inclusion of women in preclinical pain studies has become more commonplace in the last decade as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) released its "Sex as a Biological Variable" mandate. Presumably, basic researchers have not had a comprehensive understanding about neuroimmune interactions in half of the population and how hormones play a role in this. To date, we have learned that sex hormones contribute to sexual differentiation of the nervous system and sex differences in behavior throughout the lifespan; however, the cycling of sex hormones does not always explain these differences.